12 Days of Python – Day 12
This is Day 12 of 12 Days of Python. This is the twelfth in a series of posts where we use Python and the Pygame module to draw a Christmas scene. Each day we add something else to the scene, and we show a new aspect of Python or Pygame. We’re also having a giveaway, where you can win a Kindle Touch! (Update: We have a winner!)
On Day 1, we made a Pygame window and used the Pygame draw functions to draw Santa using lines circles and polygons. On Day 2, we made Santa’s arm wave. On Day 3, we added a calendar. On Day 4 we added code to cross off the days on the calendar. On Day 5, we added a background. On Day 6, we added a Christmas tree (using recursion). On Day 7, we drew some Christmas lights. On Day 8, we added a picture on the wall behind Santa. On Day 9, we added some presents. On Day 10, we added a window. On Day 11, we made the lights blink (change colors).
For Day 12 we’re going to do something a little different. We’re going to add some code that fetches extra code from our web site and runs it. We use the urllib2 module to fetch the file, just like we showed at the end of Chapter 5 in our book. We save it into a variable (a string), and then the exec() function runs that code as if it were part of the main program. We also put a function called once_a_frame() in the downloaded code, and we put a call to that function in our main loop, in case we want to do any animation in the downloaded code.
# santa_12.py
# This is the code for Day 12 of "12 Days of Python",
# by the authors of "Hello World! Computer Programming for Kids and Other Beginners".
import pygame, sys, math, datetime, random, urllib2
lights = []
def render_light(surface, pos):
pygame.draw.circle(surface, pygame.color.THECOLORS[random.choice(pygame.color.THECOLORS.keys())], pos, 6)
def update_lights():
global updatedLights, lights
for i in lights:
render_light(updatedLights, i)
def draw_a_light(surface, pos):
global lights
render_light(surface, pos)
lights.append(pos)
def rotatePointAroundCenter(point, center, degrees):
displacement = (point[0] - center[0], point[1] - center[1])
radians = math.radians(degrees)
newPoint = [0,0]
newPoint[0] = displacement[0] * math.cos(radians) + displacement[1] * math.sin(radians)
newPoint[1] = displacement[1] * math.cos(radians) - displacement[0] * math.sin(radians)
return newPoint
def draw_a_present(surface, (x,y)):
(w,h) = random.choice([(100, 100), (50, 50), (75, 75)])
present = pygame.surface.Surface((w,h))
present.fill(pygame.color.THECOLORS[random.choice(pygame.color.THECOLORS.keys())])
spotcolor = pygame.color.THECOLORS[random.choice(pygame.color.THECOLORS.keys())]
for i in range(20):
spotpos = (random.randint(0, 100), random.randint(0,100))
pygame.draw.circle(present, spotcolor, spotpos, 10)
pygame.draw.circle(present, (0,0,0), spotpos, 10, 2)
presentrect= present.get_rect()
presentrect.bottom = y
presentrect.centerx = x
surface.blit(present, presentrect)
def draw_a_tree(surface, leaf_size, (x,y), is_trunk=True):
if is_trunk:
rect = pygame.rect.Rect((x - 25, y - 30), (50,60))
pygame.draw.rect(surface, (102,68,34), rect)
draw_a_tree(surface, leaf_size, (x, y-30), False)
elif leaf_size <= 2:
return
else:
pygame.draw.polygon(surface, (0,200,0),((x-leaf_size/2,y),(x+leaf_size/2,y),(x,y-(2*leaf_size/3))))
draw_a_tree(surface, 3*leaf_size/4, (x, y-leaf_size/3), False)
if leaf_size > 30:
light_rect=pygame.rect.Rect((0,0), (1,1))
light_rect.width = leaf_size
light_rect.height = 2*leaf_size/3
light_rect.bottom = y
light_rect.centerx = x
pygame.draw.arc(surface, (0,0,0), light_rect, math.radians(-143), math.radians(74-110), 2)
draw_a_light(surface, (x,y))
draw_a_light(surface, (x - leaf_size/4, y-leaf_size/20))
draw_a_light(surface, (x + leaf_size/4, y-leaf_size/20))
pygame.init()
pygame.display.set_caption("12 Days of Python")
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((640,480))
santa = pygame.surface.Surface((640,480)).convert_alpha()
santa.fill((0,0,0,0))
screen.fill((0,0,0))
santasArm = pygame.surface.Surface((640,480)).convert_alpha()
santasArm.fill((0,0,0,0))
updatedLights= pygame.surface.Surface((640,480)).convert_alpha()
updatedLights.fill((0,0,0,0))
background = pygame.surface.Surface((640,480))
background.fill((255,0,0))
#---BACKGROUND DRAW
pygame.draw.polygon(background, (148,123,90), ((0,480), (100,320), (540, 320), (640, 480)))
pygame.draw.polygon(background, (139,89,49), ((0,0), (100,0), (100,320), (0,480)))
pygame.draw.polygon(background, (139,89,49), ((640,0), (540,0), (540,320), (640,480)))
pygame.draw.polygon(background, (102,68,34), ((100,0) ,(540, 0), (540, 320), (100, 320)))
calendar = pygame.surface.Surface((189,150))
calendar.fill((255,255,255))
tree = pygame.surface.Surface((640,480)).convert_alpha()
tree.fill((0,0,0,0))
draw_a_tree(tree, 200, (100, 360))
#---ARTWORK DRAW
artwork = pygame.surface.Surface((640,480))
artwork.fill((0,0,0))
for i in range (100):
width = random.randint(0, 250)
height = random.randint(0, 100)
top = random.randint(0, 400)
left = random.randint(0, 500)
color_name = random.choice(pygame.color.THECOLORS.keys())
color = pygame.color.THECOLORS[color_name]
line_width = random.randint(6, 9)
pygame.draw.rect(artwork, color, [left, top, width, height], line_width)
artwork = pygame.transform.scale(artwork, (160, 120))
#---WINDOW DRAW
pygame.draw.polygon(background, (0,0,0), [(550,200),(630,280),(630,80),(550,60)])
pygame.draw.line(background,(0,80,0),(590,70),(590,240),10)
pygame.draw.line(background,(0,80,0),(550,130),(630,180),10)
pygame.draw.lines(background, (0,80,0), True, [(550,200),(630,280),(630,80),(550,60)], 10)
#---PRESENT DRAW
presents = pygame.surface.Surface((640,480)).convert_alpha()
presents.fill((0,0,0,0))
draw_a_present(presents, (500,400))
draw_a_present(presents, (460,430))
draw_a_present(presents, (70,420))
draw_a_present(presents, (130,440))
#---LIGHTS DRAW
pygame.draw.arc(background, (0,0,0), pygame.rect.Rect((0,-30),(320, 60)), -math.pi, 0, 5)
pygame.draw.arc(background, (0,0,0), pygame.rect.Rect((320,-30),(320, 60)), -math.pi, 0, 5)
draw_a_light(background, (6,6))
draw_a_light(background, (80,25))
draw_a_light(background, (160,30))
draw_a_light(background, (240, 25))
draw_a_light(background, (320, 6))
draw_a_light(background, (400,25))
draw_a_light(background, (480,30))
draw_a_light(background, (560, 25))
draw_a_light(background, (634, 6))
#---CALENDAR DRAW
for i in range(0, 189, 27):
pygame.draw.line(calendar, (0,0,0), (i,30), (i,150), 2)
for i in range(30, 151, 24):
pygame.draw.line(calendar, (0,0,0), (0, i), (189, i), 2)
cal_head_font = pygame.font.Font(None, 26)
cal_head_surface = cal_head_font.render("DECEMBER", True, (0,0,0))
cal_head_rect = cal_head_surface.get_rect()
cal_head_rect.center = (94.5, 15)
cal_num_font = pygame.font.Font(None, 20)
for i in range(1,32):
cal_num_surface= cal_num_font.render(str(i), True, (0,0,0))
cal_num_rect = cal_num_surface.get_rect()
cal_num_rect.center = (((i+3) % 7 * 27) + 13.5,((i+3) // 7 * 24) + 42)
calendar.blit(cal_num_surface, cal_num_rect)
calendar.blit(cal_head_surface, cal_head_rect)
#---CALENDAR CROSSOUT
today = datetime.datetime.now().day
for i in range(1, today):
pygame.draw.line(calendar, (0,0,0), (((i+3) % 7 * 27) + 27, ((i + 3) // 7 * 24) + 30),
(((i + 3) % 7 * 27), ((i + 3) // 7 * 24)+54), 3 )
#---L ARM DRAW
pygame.draw.polygon(santasArm,(255,0,0),((274,207),(264,197),(243,182),(226,168),
(215,154),(212,153),(206,158),(192,155),(183,157),
(182,172),(204,190),(219,208),(244,231),(261,245))) #arm n hand
pygame.draw.polygon(santasArm, (255,255,255),((243,182),(242,176),(231,167),
(226,168),(218,181),(204,190),(204,200),(212,208),
(219,208),(232,197))) #arm fur
santasRotArm = santasArm.subsurface(pygame.rect.Rect((182,153),(92, 92)))
#---R ARM DRAW
pygame.draw.polygon(santa,(255,0,0),((358,191),(405,202),(428,207),(448,212),
(457,220),(459,226),(457,232),(444,236),(440,243),(421,237),
(399,233),(389,233),(344,236))) #arm n hand
pygame.draw.polygon(santa,(255,255,255),((428,207),(418,197),(406,197),
(407,204),(400,215),(401,237),(421,238),(421,223))) #arm fur
#---L LEG DRAW
pygame.draw.polygon(santa,(255,0,0),((270,323),(268,345),(266,352),(305,361),
(309,352),(317,326),(319,312),(272,306))) #leg
pygame.draw.polygon(santa,(102,68,34),((301,370),(266,361),(247,356),(231,357),
(224,368),(227,380),(245,388),(272,386),(274,390),(295,391))) #boot
pygame.draw.polygon(santa,(255,255,255), ((301,370),(312,355),(303,352),(293,348),
(279,346),(268,342),(263,343),(266,361))) #fur
#---R LEG DRAW
pygame.draw.polygon(santa,(255,0,0),((322,326),(330,352),(331,359),(372,350),
(369,323),(367,311),(316,314))) #leg
pygame.draw.polygon(santa, (102,68,34),((340,369),(373,361),(396,356),(410,359),
(415,375),(400,387),(366,386),(365,392),(347,393),(340,386))) #boot
pygame.draw.polygon(santa,(255,255,255),((373,361),(340,369),(334,368),(326,353),
(345,348),(359,347),(375,343)))
#---BODY DRAW
pygame.draw.polygon(santa, (255,255,255), ((234,289),(226,299),(230,316),
(281,322),(304,327),(317,326),(333,322),(363,324),
(408,304),(410,287),(402,275),(328,208),(281,207))) #vest fur
pygame.draw.polygon(santa, (255,0,0), ((271,188),(245,231),(236,259),(234,272),
(235,287),(241,295),(294,302),(300,298),(304,285),
(298,217))) #vest 1
pygame.draw.polygon(santa, (255,0,0), ((326,235),(328,286),(330,295),(335,300),
(369,297),(401,277),(389,234),(357,192),(334,197))) #vest 2
pygame.draw.circle(santa,(0,0,0),(315,243),4)
pygame.draw.circle(santa,(0,0,0),(314,257),4)
pygame.draw.circle(santa,(0,0,0),(315,274),4)
pygame.draw.circle(santa,(0,0,0),(317,293),4)
#---HEAD DRAW
pygame.draw.polygon(santa, (255,255,255),((278,153),(272,188),
(281,211),(300,232),(315,238),(326,232),(346,215),(357,191),
(351,151),(278,153))) #beard
pygame.draw.polygon(santa, (255, 218, 185),((282,151),(283,166),(309,178),
(315,179),(321,177),(345,166),(346,152),(335,140),(310,133),
(289,141))) #head
pygame.draw.polygon(santa, (255,0,0),((266,139),(278,123),
(293,112),(315,110),(343,115),(312,85),(260,134))) #hat main
pygame.draw.polygon(santa,(255,255,255),((346,152),(335,140),(310,133),
(289,141),(282,151),(270,150),(261,146),(266,139),(278,123),
(293,112),(315,110),(343,115),(357,132))) #hat rim
pygame.draw.circle(santa,(255,255,255),(255,149),15) #hat ball
pygame.draw.circle(santa,( 50, 50, 50),(307,151),3) #eye
pygame.draw.circle(santa,( 50, 50, 50),(319,151),3) #eye
pygame.draw.polygon(santa,(255,255,255),((310,140),(301,141),(294,145),(294,149),
(303,145),(309,144))) #eyebrow
pygame.draw.polygon(santa,(255,255,255),((315,146),(324,146),(330,150),(331,146),
(326,142),(317,140))) #eyebrow
pygame.draw.polygon(santa,(255,255,255),((283,167),(287,177),(296,182),(311,176),
(305,169),)) #mustachelet
pygame.draw.polygon(santa,(255,255,255),((344,168),(323,166),(319,176),(336,178))) #mustachelet
pygame.draw.lines(santa, (0,0,0), False, ((307,165),(307,169),(310,173),(321,171),(322,164)),2) #nose
counter = 0
response = urllib2.urlopen("https://helloworldbookblog.com/data/code.py")
code = response.read()
exec(code)
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
while 1:
clock.tick(30)
once_a_frame()
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
screen.fill((0,0,0))
#screen.blit(santasArm, (0,0))
rotatedArm = pygame.transform.rotate(santasRotArm,math.sin(counter/5.0)*10-7)
rotArmRect = rotatedArm.get_rect()
rotArmPos = rotatePointAroundCenter((86,73),santasRotArm.get_rect().center,-math.sin(counter/5.0)*10+7)
if counter % 30 == 0:
update_lights()
rotArmPos[0] += 190
rotArmPos[1] += 180
rotArmRect.center = rotArmPos
screen.blit(background, (0,0))
screen.blit(artwork, (120,50))
screen.blit(tree, (0,0))
screen.blit(updatedLights, (0,0))
screen.blit(presents, (0,0))
screen.blit(calendar, (400, 20))
screen.blit(rotatedArm, rotArmRect)
screen.blit(santa, (0,0))
pygame.display.flip()
counter += 1
To try the code out yourself, you can cut-and-paste it from the code window above into your favorite Python editor.
If you want to see what the downloaded code is before you actually run it, just comment out the line
exec(code)
(just before the main while loop) and add a line
print code
and you will see the downloaded code displayed in the console. You will get an error when you comment out the exec() function, because the main code won’t see the once_a_frame() function. You can then undo that change to run the code.
For today, the downloaded code will just print a message to the console so you know the download worked. On Christmas day, the code that gets fetched from our web site will have a little surprise to finish off the Christmas scene. So, you have to run the Day 12 code on or after Christmas day to see the final surprise!
We hope you’ve enjoyed the 12 Days of Python. We’ll be announcing the winner of the Kindle Touch soon!
Warren & Carter